Preferred name
alpha-MANGOSTIN
Synonyms
¦Á-Mangostin ()
MANGOSTIN ()
??-Mangostin ()
α-Mangostin ()
NSC-30552 ()
?-Mangostin ()
P&D ID
PD000768
CAS
6147-11-1
Tags
available
drug candidate
Drug indication
Discovery agent
SMILES
COc1c(O)cc2oc3cc(O)c(CC=C(C)C)c(O)c3c(=O)c2c1CC=C(C)C
InChI
InChI=1S/C24H26O6/c1-12(2)6-8-14-16(25)10-19-21(22(14)27)23(28)20-15(9-7-13(3)4)24(29-5)17(26)11-18(20)30-19/h6-7,10-11,25-27H,8-9H2,1-5H3
InChIkey
GNRIZKKCNOBBMO-UHFFFAOYSA-N
MOL
alpha-MANGOSTIN
RDKit 2D
30 32 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0999 V2000
3.7500 -1.2990 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3.0000 0.0000 0.0000 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1.5000 0.0000 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.7500 -1.2990 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1.5000 -2.5981 0.0000 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-0.7500 -1.2990 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-1.5000 0.0000 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-3.0000 0.0000 0.0000 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-3.7500 1.2990 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-5.2500 1.2990 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-6.0000 2.5981 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-7.5000 2.5981 0.0000 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-5.2500 3.8971 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-6.0000 5.1962 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-5.2500 6.4952 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-6.0000 7.7942 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-5.2500 9.0933 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-7.5000 7.7942 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-3.7500 3.8971 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-3.0000 5.1962 0.0000 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-3.0000 2.5981 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-1.5000 2.5981 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-0.7500 3.8971 0.0000 O 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
-0.7500 1.2990 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
0.7500 1.2990 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1.5000 2.5981 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3.0000 2.5981 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3.7500 3.8971 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
5.2500 3.8971 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
3.0000 5.1962 0.0000 C 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
1 2 1 0
2 3 1 0
3 4 2 0
4 5 1 0
4 6 1 0
6 7 2 0
7 8 1 0
8 9 1 0
9 10 2 0
10 11 1 0
11 12 1 0
11 13 2 0
13 14 1 0
14 15 1 0
15 16 2 3
16 17 1 0
16 18 1 0
13 19 1 0
19 20 1 0
19 21 2 0
21 22 1 0
22 23 2 0
22 24 1 0
24 25 2 0
25 26 1 0
26 27 1 0
27 28 2 3
28 29 1 0
28 30 1 0
25 3 1 0
24 7 1 0
21 9 1 0
M END
> <ID>
PD000768
> <Name>
alpha-MANGOSTIN
(extracted from source data)
DESCRIPTION
Oligomeric aggregation inhibitor; inhibits prion protein and alpha-synuclein aggregate formation
(Tocris Bioactive Compound Library)
33
8.4
CGAS Cyclic GMP-AMP synthase
BIOCHEM 446.7x
1
1
6.33
NUDT1 Oxidized purine nucleoside triphosphate hydrolase
CELL-BASED 2.8x
1
1
5.88
PDE4D 3',5'-cyclic-AMP phosphodiesterase 4D
3
1
5.75
MARK4 MAP/microtubule affinity-regulating kinase 4
1
1
5.58
KMT2A,MEN1 Menin/Histone-lysine N-methyltransferase MLL
0
1
5.57
ALOX12 Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX12
6
2
5.55
KDM1A Lysine-specific histone demethylase 1A
8
2
5.54
IDH1 Isocitrate dehydrogenase [NADP] cytoplasmic
5
1
5.38
PTPN1 Tyrosine-protein phosphatase non-receptor type 1
9
1
5.3
CYP2C9 Cytochrome P450 2C9
6
1
5.26
FASN Fatty acid synthase
5
1
5.19
GAA,MGAM,MGA... Alpha glucosidase
0
1
5.14
PGAM1 Phosphoglycerate mutase 1
3
1
5.1
MAPT Microtubule-associated protein tau
3
1
5.08
NANH Sialidase
0
1
5.06
ALOX15 Polyunsaturated fatty acid lipoxygenase ALOX15
10
2
5.04
SIRT2 NAD-dependent protein deacetylase sirtuin-2
1
1
5
TP53 Cellular tumor antigen p53
45
1
5
USP2 Ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 2
5
1
5
CYP2C19 Cytochrome P450 2C19
5
1
4.9
LEF Lethal factor
1
1
4.85
SMPD1 Sphingomyelin phosphodiesterase
1
3
4.8
RELA Transcription factor p65
26
1
4.7
HSD17B10 3-hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase type-2
5
1
4.68
CYP19A1 Aromatase
3
1
4.62
HPGD 15-hydroxyprostaglandin dehydrogenase [NAD(+)]
4
1
4.6
RORC Nuclear receptor ROR-gamma
3
1
4.5
CYP2D6 Cytochrome P450 2D6
6
1
4.5
Cruzipain
0
1
4.5
KDM4E Lysine-specific demethylase 4E
1
1
4.4
CYP3A4 Cytochrome P450 3A4
7
1
4.4
ALDH1A1 Aldehyde dehydrogenase 1A1
3
1
4.23
SLC22A12 Solute carrier family 22 member 12
2
1
150
Abnormal conversion of 2-oxoglutarate to 2-hydroxyglutarate
IDH1
Activated PKN1 stimulates transcription of AR (androgen receptor) regulated genes KLK2 and KLK3
KDM1A
Activation of AMPK downstream of NMDARs
MAPT
Activation of gene expression by SREBF (SREBP)
FASN
Activation of NF-kappaB in B cells
RELA
Activation of NOXA and translocation to mitochondria
TP53
Activation of PUMA and translocation to mitochondria
TP53
Aflatoxin activation and detoxification
CYP3A4
Anchoring of the basal body to the plasma membrane
MARK4
Aspirin ADME
CYP3A4
CYP2C9
CYP2D6
CYP2C19
Association of TriC/CCT with target proteins during biosynthesis
TP53
Atorvastatin ADME
CYP3A4
Autodegradation of the E3 ubiquitin ligase COP1
TP53
Biosynthesis of D-series resolvins
HPGD
Biosynthesis of DHA-derived SPMs
ALOX12
ALOX15
Biosynthesis of DPAn-3-derived maresins
ALOX12
Biosynthesis of DPAn-3-derived protectins and resolvins
ALOX15
Biosynthesis of DPAn-6 SPMs
ALOX12
ALOX15
Biosynthesis of E-series 18(R)-resolvins
ALOX15
Biosynthesis of E-series 18(S)-resolvins
ALOX15
HPGD
Biosynthesis of Lipoxins (LX)
ALOX12
HPGD
Biosynthesis of maresin-like SPMs
CYP3A4
CYP2C9
CYP2D6
Biosynthesis of protectins
ALOX15
Branched-chain amino acid catabolism
HSD17B10
Caspase-mediated cleavage of cytoskeletal proteins
MAPT
CD209 (DC-SIGN) signaling
RELA
ChREBP activates metabolic gene expression
FASN
CLEC7A (Dectin-1) signaling
RELA
CLEC7A/inflammasome pathway
RELA
CYP2E1 reactions
CYP2C9
CYP2D6
CYP2C19
DARPP-32 events
PDE4D
Dectin-1 mediated noncanonical NF-kB signaling
RELA
Defective CYP19A1 causes AEXS
CYP19A1
Defective SLC22A12 causes renal hypouricemia 1 (RHUC1)
SLC22A12
DEx/H-box helicases activate type I IFN and inflammatory cytokines production
RELA
DNA Damage/Telomere Stress Induced Senescence
TP53
Downstream TCR signaling
RELA
Endogenous sterols
CYP19A1
Estrogen biosynthesis
CYP19A1
Estrogen-dependent gene expression
KDM1A
Ethanol oxidation
ALDH1A1
Factors involved in megakaryocyte development and platelet production
KDM1A
TP53
Fatty acids
CYP2D6
Fatty acyl-CoA biosynthesis
FASN
FCERI mediated NF-kB activation
RELA
Formation of Senescence-Associated Heterochromatin Foci (SAHF)
TP53
Fructose catabolism
ALDH1A1
G alpha (s) signalling events
PDE4D
G2/M Checkpoints
TP53
G2/M DNA damage checkpoint
TP53
Gluconeogenesis
PGAM1
Glycolysis
PGAM1
Glycosphingolipid catabolism
SMPD1
Growth hormone receptor signaling
PTPN1
HDACs deacetylate histones
KDM1A
HDMs demethylate histones
KDM1A
IkBA variant leads to EDA-ID
RELA
Initiation of Nuclear Envelope (NE) Reformation
SIRT2
Insulin receptor recycling
PTPN1
Integrin signaling
PTPN1
Interleukin-1 processing
RELA
Interleukin-1 signaling
RELA
Interleukin-4 and Interleukin-13 signaling
TP53
RORC
ALOX15
Loss of function of TP53 in cancer due to loss of tetramerization ability
TP53
MECP2 regulates neuronal receptors and channels
PTPN1
Miscellaneous substrates
CYP2D6
Mitochondrial protein degradation
HSD17B10
NADPH regeneration
IDH1
Negative regulation of MET activity
PTPN1
Neutrophil degranulation
IDH1
PGAM1
NF-kB is activated and signals survival
RELA
NFE2L2 regulating TCA cycle genes
IDH1
NR1H2 & NR1H3 regulate gene expression linked to lipogenesis
FASN
NR1H3 & NR1H2 regulate gene expression linked to cholesterol transport and efflux
KDM1A
Nuclear Receptor transcription pathway
RORC
Oncogene Induced Senescence
TP53
Organic anion transport
SLC22A12
Ovarian tumor domain proteases
TP53
Oxidative Stress Induced Senescence
TP53
Peroxisomal protein import
IDH1
Phase I - Functionalization of compounds
CYP3A4
Phosphate bond hydrolysis by NUDT proteins
NUDT1
PI5P Regulates TP53 Acetylation
TP53
PKMTs methylate histone lysines
RELA
PKR-mediated signaling
MAPT
TP53
Potential therapeutics for SARS
KDM1A
Pre-NOTCH Transcription and Translation
TP53
Prednisone ADME
CYP3A4
PTK6 Down-Regulation
PTPN1
Purinergic signaling in leishmaniasis infection
RELA
Pyroptosis
TP53
RA biosynthesis pathway
ALDH1A1
Recruitment and ATM-mediated phosphorylation of repair and signaling proteins at DNA double strand breaks
TP53
Regulated proteolysis of p75NTR
RELA
Regulation of IFNA/IFNB signaling
PTPN1
Regulation of IFNG signaling
PTPN1
Regulation of NF-kappa B signaling
TP53
Regulation of NFE2L2 gene expression
RELA
Regulation of PTEN gene transcription
KDM1A
TP53
Regulation of TNFR1 signaling
USP2
Regulation of TP53 Activity through Acetylation
TP53
Regulation of TP53 Activity through Association with Co-factors
TP53
Regulation of TP53 Activity through Methylation
TP53
Regulation of TP53 Activity through Phosphorylation
TP53
Regulation of TP53 Degradation
TP53
USP2
Regulation of TP53 Expression
TP53
RIP-mediated NFkB activation via ZBP1
RELA
rRNA processing in the mitochondrion
HSD17B10
RUNX3 regulates CDKN1A transcription
TP53
RUNX3 Regulates Immune Response and Cell Migration
RORC
SARS-CoV-1 activates/modulates innate immune responses
RELA
Senescence-Associated Secretory Phenotype (SASP)
RELA
Signaling by ALK fusions and activated point mutants
TP53
Stabilization of p53
TP53
STING mediated induction of host immune responses
CGAS
SUMOylation of immune response proteins
RELA
SUMOylation of transcription factors
TP53
Synthesis of (16-20)-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETE)
CYP2C9
CYP2C19
Synthesis of 12-eicosatetraenoic acid derivatives
ALOX12
ALOX15
Synthesis of 15-eicosatetraenoic acid derivatives
ALOX15
Synthesis of epoxy (EET) and dihydroxyeicosatrienoic acids (DHET)
CYP2C9
CYP2C19
Synthesis of Hepoxilins (HX) and Trioxilins (TrX)
ALOX12
Synthesis of Leukotrienes (LT) and Eoxins (EX)
ALOX15
Synthesis of Prostaglandins (PG) and Thromboxanes (TX)
HPGD
TAK1-dependent IKK and NF-kappa-B activation
RELA
The NLRP3 inflammasome
RELA
The role of GTSE1 in G2/M progression after G2 checkpoint
TP53
TNFR1-induced NF-kappa-B signaling pathway
USP2
TNFR1-induced proapoptotic signaling
USP2
TP53 Regulates Metabolic Genes
TP53
TP53 regulates transcription of additional cell cycle genes whose exact role in the p53 pathway remain uncertain
TP53
TP53 Regulates Transcription of Caspase Activators and Caspases
TP53
TP53 Regulates Transcription of Death Receptors and Ligands
TP53
TP53 Regulates Transcription of DNA Repair Genes
TP53
TP53 Regulates Transcription of Genes Involved in Cytochrome C Release
TP53
TP53 Regulates Transcription of Genes Involved in G1 Cell Cycle Arrest
TP53
TP53 Regulates Transcription of Genes Involved in G2 Cell Cycle Arrest
TP53
TP53 regulates transcription of several additional cell death genes whose specific roles in p53-dependent apoptosis remain uncertain
TP53
TRAF6 mediated NF-kB activation
RELA
Transcriptional activation of cell cycle inhibitor p21
TP53
Transcriptional Regulation by VENTX
RELA
TP53
Transcriptional regulation of white adipocyte differentiation
RELA
tRNA modification in the mitochondrion
HSD17B10
tRNA processing in the mitochondrion
HSD17B10
Turbulent (oscillatory, disturbed) flow shear stress activates signaling by PIEZO1 and integrins in endothelial cells
PDE4D
PTPN1
RELA
Ub-specific processing proteases
TP53
USP2
Uptake and function of anthrax toxins
LEF
Vitamin B5 (pantothenate) metabolism
FASN
Xenobiotics
CYP3A4
CYP2C9
CYP2D6
CYP2C19
Zygotic genome activation (ZGA)
TP53
KDM4E
35
2023
Hypouricemic Actions of the Pericarp of Mangosteen <i>in Vitro</i> and <i>in Vivo</i>.
Niu Y, Li Q et al. J Nat Prod
2022
Drug discovery of histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) inhibitors (progress from 2018 to present).
He X, Zhang H et al. Eur J Med Chem
2022
Discovery of potent antiproliferative agents from selected oxygen heterocycles as EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors from the U.S. National Cancer Institute database by in silico screening and bioactivity evaluation.
Jiwacharoenchai N, Saruengkhanphasit R et al. Bioorg Med Chem Lett
2021
Reversible Lysine Specific Demethylase 1 (LSD1) Inhibitors: A Promising Wrench to Impair LSD1.
Dai XJ, Liu Y et al. J Med Chem
2021
Small Molecule Inhibitors Targeting Biosynthesis of Ceramide, the Central Hub of the Sphingolipid Network.
Skácel J, Slusher BS et al. J Med Chem
2021
STING, a promising target for small molecular immune modulator: A review.
Liu Y, Lu X et al. Eur J Med Chem
2021
If small molecules immunotherapy comes, can the prime be far behind?
Zhang J, Zhang Y et al. Eur J Med Chem
2021
Design, synthesis, and biological evaluation of 1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxyxanthone derivatives as phosphoglycerate mutase 1 inhibitors.
Jiang K,Gao B et al. Bioorg Med Chem Lett
2021
Selective SIRT2 inhibitors as promising anticancer therapeutics: An update from 2016 to 2020.
Roshdy E, Mustafa M et al. Eur J Med Chem
2020
Discovery of Potent, Selective, and Direct Acid Sphingomyelinase Inhibitors with Antidepressant Activity.
Yang K, Yu J et al. J. Med. Chem.
2020
Targeting Stimulator of Interferon Genes (STING): A Medicinal Chemistry Perspective.
Zhang H, You QD et al. J Med Chem
2020
Discovery and Optimization of α-Mangostin Derivatives as Novel PDE4 Inhibitors for the Treatment of Vascular Dementia.
Liang J, Huang YY et al. J Med Chem
2020
Pharmacophore-Based Virtual Screening for Identification of Negative Modulators of GLI1 as Potential Anticancer Agents.
Manetti F, Stecca B et al. ACS Med Chem Lett
2019
Tetrandraxanthones A-I, Prenylated and Geranylated Xanthones from the Stem Bark of Garcinia tetrandra.
Sukandar ER, Kaennakam S et al. J Nat Prod
2019
All that glitters is not gold: Panning cytotoxic natural products and derivatives with a fused tricyclic backbone by the estimation of their leadlikeness for cancer treatment.
Klein-Júnior LC, Corrêa R et al. Eur J Med Chem
2019
Identification of α-Mangostin as a Potential Inhibitor of Microtubule Affinity Regulating Kinase 4.
Khan P, Queen A et al. J Nat Prod
2019
Discovery of a new class of MTH1 inhibitor by X-ray crystallographic screening.
Yokoyama T, Kitakami R et al. Eur J Med Chem
2019
Potential Anticancer Agents Characterized from Selected Tropical Plants.
Ren Y, de Blanco EJC et al. J Nat Prod
2019
Interrupting cyclic dinucleotide-cGAS-STING axis with small molecules.
Sintim HO, Mikek CG et al. MedChemComm
2019
Recent update on anti-dengue drug discovery.
Dighe SN, Ekwudu O et al. Eur J Med Chem
2018
Discovery of N-hydroxy-3-alkoxybenzamides as direct acid sphingomyelinase inhibitors using a ligand-based pharmacophore model.
Yang K, Nong K et al. Eur J Med Chem
2018
Inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) and α-glucosidase by xanthones from Cratoxylum cochinchinense, and their kinetic characterization.
Li ZP, Song YH et al. Bioorg Med Chem
2018
Active Natural Product Scaffolds against Trypanosomatid Parasites: A Review.
Cockram PE, Smith TK. J Nat Prod
2015
Discovery of -mangostin as a novel competitive inhibitor against mutant isocitrate dehydrogenase-1.
Kim HJ, Fei X et al. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.
2014
Synthesis of xanthone derivatives based on -mangostin and their biological evaluation for anti-cancer agents.
Fei X, Jo M et al. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.
2011
Cytotoxic and NF-B inhibitory constituents of the stems of Cratoxylum cochinchinense and their semisynthetic analogues.
Ren Y, Matthew S et al. J. Nat. Prod.
2010
Xanthones with neuraminidase inhibitory activity from the seedcases of Garcinia mangostana.
Ryu HW, Curtis-Long MJ et al. Bioorg. Med. Chem.
2010
Fatty acid synthase inhibitors of phenolic constituents isolated from Garcinia mangostana.
Jiang HZ, Quan XF et al. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett.
2009
Cytotoxic xanthone constituents of the stem bark of Garcinia mangostana (mangosteen).
Han AR, Kim JA et al. J. Nat. Prod.
2009
Antimalarials from nature.
Kaur K, Jain M et al. Bioorg. Med. Chem.
2008
Xanthones from the botanical dietary supplement mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana) with aromatase inhibitory activity.
Balunas MJ, Su B et al. J. Nat. Prod.
2007
Characterized mechanism of alpha-mangostin-induced cell death: caspase-independent apoptosis with release of endonuclease-G from mitochondria and increased miR-143 expression in human colorectal cancer DLD-1 cells.
Nakagawa Y, Iinuma M et al. Bioorg. Med. Chem.
2007
Discovery of platelet-type 12-human lipoxygenase selective inhibitors by high-throughput screening of structurally diverse libraries.
Deschamps JD, Gautschi JT et al. Bioorg. Med. Chem.
2003
Induction of apoptosis by xanthones from mangosteen in human leukemia cell lines.
Matsumoto K, Akao Y et al. J. Nat. Prod.
PUBCHEM_BIOASSAY: qHTS Assay for Inhibitors and Activators of N370S glucocerebrosidase as a Potential Chaperone Treatment of Gaucher Disease: Purified N370S Glucocerebrosidase. (Class of assay: confirmatory) [Related pubchem assays: 2101 ]
AID 2597
15
12
Cayman Chemical Bioactives
DrugMAP
Guide to Pharmacology
LSP-MoA library (Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology)
MedChem Express Bioactive Compound Library
Novartis Chemogenetic Library (NIBR MoA Box)
ReFrame library
Selleckchem Bioactive Compound Library
TargetMol Bioactive Compound Library
The Spectrum Collection
Tocris Bioactive Compound Library
ZINC Tool Compounds
8
Cayman Chemical Bioactives
Mcule
MedChem Express Bioactive Compound Library
Selleckchem Bioactive Compound Library
TargetMol Bioactive Compound Library
The Spectrum Collection
Tocris Bioactive Compound Library
31
ChEMBL CHEMBL323197
PubChem 5281650
ZINC ZINC000005430812
ACToR 6147-11-1
BindingDB 50214969
CCDC WAFVAC
ChEBI 67547
ChemSpider 4444969
COCONUT CNP0158137.0
CompTox DTXSID00210420
eMolecules 730801
FDA SRS U6RIV93RU1
GSRS 1227ad34-d224-4...
IBM NIH 95265F488CE41CD...
KEGG C10080
Mcule MCULE-1080742368
MetaboLights MTBLC67547
Nikkaji J8.348H
NMRShiftDB 60025318
PDB MKS
PubChem TPS 14904210
SureChEMBL SCHEMBL354735
(calculated by RDKit )
Molecular Weight
410.17
Hydrogen Bond Acceptors
6
Hydrogen Bond Donors
3
Rotatable Bonds
5
Ring Count
3
Aromatic Ring Count
3
cLogP
5.09
TPSA
100.13
Fraction CSP3
0.29
Chiral centers
0.0
Largest ring
6.0
QED
0.4
2
aggregator (Aggregator Advisor)
Aggregators
aggregator (ZINC)
Aggregators
(extracted from source data)
Pathway
NF-¦ÊB
Metabolism
Anti-infection
Apoptosis
Immunology/Inflammation
Metabolic Enzyme/Protease
NF-κB
Target
IDH1-R132H
Bacterial
Fungal
Reactive Oxygen Species
Virus Protease
Dehydrogenase,STING
Primary Target
Cancer Stem Cells
Member status
member
MOA
Fatty Acid Synthase Inhibitors
Acidic Sphingomyelinase (A-SMase) Inhibitors
Antioxidants